In a press relations practice is known that some forms of corporate activity involving media people. This activity is carried out by institutions that have mastered the technique of public relations. Various activities are intended only to inform the institution or individual activities as the event's image improvement.
1. Endemic Press Release
a. Pre-activities
• Press releases can be informative or notification.
• In terms of public relations side, the loading of the press release is very beneficial because of the informative nature.
b. Postgraduate activities
• It is also important to pasca activity
• Fixed time refers to the actuality
• Using technology
2. The press conference or press conference
Pre-activities
• Organizers must provide a written material, so that the press has accurate data.
• There is an interview between the organizers and journalists will enrich the information obtained by journalists
Postgraduate activities
• Do the activities or events that are considered important or major
Press Briefing (Press Conference or Jumpsa Press)
Whereas routine press conference did not.
3. Visits of the press (the press tour) invited the journalists to visit the company. The reporters will see for himself the fact that there are not only based on the release.
4. Press reception to invite the media creature in a reception or a special event held for the news hunters.
5. Event coverage
mass media do not see where the activity level was done, but see the news value.
6. Interview Release
activities held by the mass media invitation. There are spontaneous and there is also an interview that was prepared
Spontaneous interviews: interviews that suddenly when suddenly met with journalists.
Interview preparation: an interview which has been prepared by the reporters to get information from resource persons.
note need PR side
• Mastering the material
• Where is easily accessible with adequate communication facilities
• Define list of media people present but do not reject waratawan not invited
• Prepare a mature event
• Do not underestimate the questions reporters
• The ID unutk committee and a special correspondent when the public attended
• Invite leading resource persons or experts in their fields
• Do not invite reporters suddenly
• Be on time
• Hold a pickle in the morning and avoid holiday
• Avoid the answer "no comment"
• There is accommodation for journalists
• The person most responsible for organizing the event
• Provide time to journalists who wanted to interview the keynote speaker
• Treat each of the media with each other
• Provide written material about the information required from companies that are solid journalists and clear and contains elements of 5W + 1H
Monday, November 23, 2009
Element Value News
IMMEDIACY / TIME LINES: Many say Timelines, linked to
freshness of events reported.
A frequently reported news just happened. Time is very important.
Proximity: Proximity events with readers or
viewers in their daily lives.
Consequence: The accuracy of the news value or truth of
news is presented.
Conflict: A story that contains the elements of war
or conflict that is happening.
It could also be a crime scene.
SEX: Could presented in the news as a kiss
very interesting as well as readers or complementary elements.
HUMAN INTEREST: It could be said as a human interest.
A story that can touch the feelings of the reader. Emotions can make readers angry, hate, ambition, senag, love, hatred, or humor.
Prominence: fame presenting news of
either artist or officials and sportsmen,
could also successful entrepreneurs.
But it could also ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances.
Suspense: A story that presents the facts remain
which are important, especially to the details or the chronology of the facts that happened.
Progress: A story that presents a change
or developments that occurred in a region or country. Or change a condition from good to bad or vice versa.
freshness of events reported.
A frequently reported news just happened. Time is very important.
Proximity: Proximity events with readers or
viewers in their daily lives.
Consequence: The accuracy of the news value or truth of
news is presented.
Conflict: A story that contains the elements of war
or conflict that is happening.
It could also be a crime scene.
SEX: Could presented in the news as a kiss
very interesting as well as readers or complementary elements.
HUMAN INTEREST: It could be said as a human interest.
A story that can touch the feelings of the reader. Emotions can make readers angry, hate, ambition, senag, love, hatred, or humor.
Prominence: fame presenting news of
either artist or officials and sportsmen,
could also successful entrepreneurs.
But it could also ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances.
Suspense: A story that presents the facts remain
which are important, especially to the details or the chronology of the facts that happened.
Progress: A story that presents a change
or developments that occurred in a region or country. Or change a condition from good to bad or vice versa.
Communication
Communications software allows users to send data and receive data from other computer. Communication programs provide micro computer features the most powerful, namely keterhubungan (connectivity).
Among the basic communication requirements are:
1. Achieving information utilities such as CompuServe or The Source.
2. Connecting computers to electronic mail services.
3. Achieving board computer and / or allow remote access to a personal computer by other computers.
4. Changing the files between the PC (Personal Computer) and other computers.
5. Changing to a PC terminal for connection directly to mainframe computers distance. Emulasi process is a device, say a PC used as a terminal.
Example Communication Software:
E-Mail:
- Microsoft Outlook Express
To send and receive e-mail. Came free with Internet Explorer. It is also used to read newsgroups.
- Eudora Pro
To send an e-mail format. It can also be encrypted message by e-mail e-mail so that it can not be read by others without permission.
Instant Messenger:
- ICQ
ICQ is an instant messenger program that is very clever. This program can easily find your opponent speak on the Internet (other ICQ users) and show you what their position in the online / no. If they're not online, then you can still write a short message to those who will be presented by the ICQ server to them when they carry out their ICQ. ICQ can also be configured as such, until someone needs permission (authorization) before they can enter you in their Contact List. You can also memprotect profile with your ICQ password, so when other people use your PC, they will need to enter your password before using the ICQ.
- Yahoo Messenger
It is produced by Yahoo! Its main use is similar to other Instant Messenger, you need to register with Yahoo!.
- MSN Messenger
It was released by Microsoft. Its use is the same, you need to register with Microsoft (Microsoft Passport).
IRC:
- MIRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a virtual meeting place where people from all corners of the world can meet and chat with the good (type). As a user you are using mIRC; a small software which is connected to one Web server in the IRC (IRC network). All are connections between the server and exchange khabar (news) from one user to a Web user in the IRC (IRC network). You can join discussion groups (group discussions) in one of the thousands of IRC channel (IRC channels), in one of the hundreds of Web IRC (IRC network), or simply chat privately with family or friends, around the world . You will find perbagai various human interests, ideas, and issues in the IRC. Example software IRC is mIRC.
Fax:
- Win Fax Pro
WinFax can make your computer as a fax machine, it can send and receive fax. By using WinFax, you can mengfax your document to any fax number in the world, and wherever. WinFax easy to use, it is almost similar to the traditional fax machine. It also has a list of fax numbers to facilitate you.
- EFax
eFax is used to send a fax using the Internet.
Others:
- PcAnywhere32
Distance communications software provides facilities for users to contact the PC at the office even though it was outside the office, including staying at home. Latest version offers unique features such as remote access through functions only one click to various users, `Live Up date 'parallel efforts to increase through the Internet and encryption services expanded to provide consumers speed and easy solution for 32-bit Windows environment.
PcAnywhere32 software is the first remote access product that offers full access to data, applications and users. With one click, users can now meet with colleagues, transfer files and access what is required from your computer to be used from a distance.
New features in this software include expanding support Windows NT4.0 with additional security features and technology conference `Host Multi-Connect 'ysng new. Solution ideal for conferences with the various locations with multiple users are able to accommodate up to 256 users simultaneously parallel to witness the presentation or demonstration. This software also supports almost all platforms, operating systems (OS) include Windows 95/NT, Windows 3.1x and DOS Intel-based computers. PcAnywhere32 version 8.0 integrates security features into the caller's NT User Manager.
Common Characteristics
Characteristics in common that have the ICQ and Yahoo Messenger:
- Friend Alert
'Friend Alert' will be told whether or not your friend online. If your friend online, you can communicate with directly, if not, your message will be saved to the server.
- E-mail
Both these software have internal e-mail architecture, which uses Yahoo Mail Yahoo Messenger, ICQ, while using ICQ mail.
- Exchange of Information
Both the software allows the user to leave and receive messages, and exchange (send and receive) files between one another.
And lack of merit of Common Software
Lack ICQ:
- Requires a lot of RAM
- Taking a relatively large storage space
- Does not have the ability to make tele conference (videoconferencing)
- Can be used together (interoperable) AOL Instant Messenger.
- Somewhat difficult to use their new-berjinak tame with Instant Messenger.
- There are many ads (banners).
Advantages ICQ:
- Function 'file-sharing' stable.
- List of partners can be accessed from the website.
- Has the ability to ski to a mobile phone
Lack Yahoo Messenger:
- A less attractive appearance.
- Voice Communication for tele conference hanyak can be performed by 'half-duplex'.
Advantages Yahoo Messenger:
- Has built-conference tele internal functions (built-in)
- Using a nickname as the identity rather than using the ICQ number.
Among the basic communication requirements are:
1. Achieving information utilities such as CompuServe or The Source.
2. Connecting computers to electronic mail services.
3. Achieving board computer and / or allow remote access to a personal computer by other computers.
4. Changing the files between the PC (Personal Computer) and other computers.
5. Changing to a PC terminal for connection directly to mainframe computers distance. Emulasi process is a device, say a PC used as a terminal.
Example Communication Software:
E-Mail:
- Microsoft Outlook Express
To send and receive e-mail. Came free with Internet Explorer. It is also used to read newsgroups.
- Eudora Pro
To send an e-mail format. It can also be encrypted message by e-mail e-mail so that it can not be read by others without permission.
Instant Messenger:
- ICQ
ICQ is an instant messenger program that is very clever. This program can easily find your opponent speak on the Internet (other ICQ users) and show you what their position in the online / no. If they're not online, then you can still write a short message to those who will be presented by the ICQ server to them when they carry out their ICQ. ICQ can also be configured as such, until someone needs permission (authorization) before they can enter you in their Contact List. You can also memprotect profile with your ICQ password, so when other people use your PC, they will need to enter your password before using the ICQ.
- Yahoo Messenger
It is produced by Yahoo! Its main use is similar to other Instant Messenger, you need to register with Yahoo!.
- MSN Messenger
It was released by Microsoft. Its use is the same, you need to register with Microsoft (Microsoft Passport).
IRC:
- MIRC
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a virtual meeting place where people from all corners of the world can meet and chat with the good (type). As a user you are using mIRC; a small software which is connected to one Web server in the IRC (IRC network). All are connections between the server and exchange khabar (news) from one user to a Web user in the IRC (IRC network). You can join discussion groups (group discussions) in one of the thousands of IRC channel (IRC channels), in one of the hundreds of Web IRC (IRC network), or simply chat privately with family or friends, around the world . You will find perbagai various human interests, ideas, and issues in the IRC. Example software IRC is mIRC.
Fax:
- Win Fax Pro
WinFax can make your computer as a fax machine, it can send and receive fax. By using WinFax, you can mengfax your document to any fax number in the world, and wherever. WinFax easy to use, it is almost similar to the traditional fax machine. It also has a list of fax numbers to facilitate you.
- EFax
eFax is used to send a fax using the Internet.
Others:
- PcAnywhere32
Distance communications software provides facilities for users to contact the PC at the office even though it was outside the office, including staying at home. Latest version offers unique features such as remote access through functions only one click to various users, `Live Up date 'parallel efforts to increase through the Internet and encryption services expanded to provide consumers speed and easy solution for 32-bit Windows environment.
PcAnywhere32 software is the first remote access product that offers full access to data, applications and users. With one click, users can now meet with colleagues, transfer files and access what is required from your computer to be used from a distance.
New features in this software include expanding support Windows NT4.0 with additional security features and technology conference `Host Multi-Connect 'ysng new. Solution ideal for conferences with the various locations with multiple users are able to accommodate up to 256 users simultaneously parallel to witness the presentation or demonstration. This software also supports almost all platforms, operating systems (OS) include Windows 95/NT, Windows 3.1x and DOS Intel-based computers. PcAnywhere32 version 8.0 integrates security features into the caller's NT User Manager.
Common Characteristics
Characteristics in common that have the ICQ and Yahoo Messenger:
- Friend Alert
'Friend Alert' will be told whether or not your friend online. If your friend online, you can communicate with directly, if not, your message will be saved to the server.
Both these software have internal e-mail architecture, which uses Yahoo Mail Yahoo Messenger, ICQ, while using ICQ mail.
- Exchange of Information
Both the software allows the user to leave and receive messages, and exchange (send and receive) files between one another.
And lack of merit of Common Software
Lack ICQ:
- Requires a lot of RAM
- Taking a relatively large storage space
- Does not have the ability to make tele conference (videoconferencing)
- Can be used together (interoperable) AOL Instant Messenger.
- Somewhat difficult to use their new-berjinak tame with Instant Messenger.
- There are many ads (banners).
Advantages ICQ:
- Function 'file-sharing' stable.
- List of partners can be accessed from the website.
- Has the ability to ski to a mobile phone
Lack Yahoo Messenger:
- A less attractive appearance.
- Voice Communication for tele conference hanyak can be performed by 'half-duplex'.
Advantages Yahoo Messenger:
- Has built-conference tele internal functions (built-in)
- Using a nickname as the identity rather than using the ICQ number.
Saturday, November 14, 2009
make internet faster than ever
1. Un-reserving bandwidth
By default, XP save 20% of your bandwidth for use of the application of XP itself. We can change them to 0% to increase the speed of your Internet access.
1.
Open the Group Policy Editor by typing gpedit.msc in the Run box (Windows Start and then click Run).
2.
In the left panel, click Computer Configuration - Administrative Templates - Network - QOS Packet Scheduler.
3.
In the right panel, there is Limit Reservable bandwidth menu, right click and select Properties.
4.
On the settings tab, select or click on the Radio Button Enabled then change the Bandwidth limit (%) below the 0 (zero).
2. Optimizing TCP / IP settings
Tweak to these two, you need a freeware SG TCP Optimizer (http://www.ziddu.com/download/4942626/TCPOptimizer.exe.html). This small application able to optimize the workings of the PC while sending and receiving data packets when you connect to the internet. Is more effective tools for users broadband connection, even if can be used for all types of Internet connection.
1.
Download SG TCP Optimizer. Without the need to install, simply double-click and tools will be running. See image below for more details:
1.
We will only work with a few clicks, just ignore the other menus. Under the General Settings tab, drag the slider was on the connection speed you want. Then, in the same window at the bottom, select the radio button and click Settings Optimal Apply Changes.
2.
Next you'll see the display as shown below.
1. Make sure the backup box is checked then click OK.
2. Restart your PC.
3. After restarting, try your internet browsing on the web page that is not too "heavy" or consuming too much bandwidth. If you feel that the speed Internet connection or slow it down you can restore the original settings. Start SG TCP Optimizer, click File and select restore backed up settings. You will be taken on the dialog box you use to navigate the place where to download the program. There you will find a file with extension. Spg and filename containing the date. For example, if you make changes to the June 28 "sg_backup_2009-02-21-xxxx.spg" it is a filename, where xxxx can be filled with any number. Open the file. You will be taken on the dialog box as shown above. Click OK and restart. Your original settings have returned
3. Internet Connection Optimization TweakMASTER with
Allegedly TweakMASTER can substantially increase the download speeds for all types of connections from dialup to DSL, Cable, and Wireless. Even AOL users will be amazed at how their system more responsive.
Optimization Wizard that will guide you through some recommended settings using some "optimization strategies". He will ask some simple questions and then your Internet connection will be automatically optimized.
You also can experiment with some other settings in the Advanced Settings dialog Optimization to get the fastest connection. TweakMASTER is where you control all the network configuration parameters on your computer.
DOWNLOAD: http://www.ziddu.com/download/4797863/TweakMASTER-PRO2.50.2822.1.rar.html (2.7Mb)
website: http://www.tweakmaster.com/main.php
Best Setting Supplement: SpeedUpAdsl.rar (http://www.ziddu.com/download/4781962/SpeedUpAdsl.rar.html)
Setting Software:
1. Download TweakMASTER-PRO 2.50.2822.0.rar, and then extract SpeedUpAdsl.rar.
2. Install TweakMASTER-PRO.exe, broken internet connection then copy TweakMaster Patch v2.50 build 2822.exe to X: \ Program Files \ TweakMASTER, run the patch. If you can not restart your windows first, or run through the windows save mode.
3. After installation is complete run TweakMASTER, then select the Advanced Optimization Settings.
4. Then click the Restore From File, plih setting you want SpeedUpAdsl.tms to 56Kbps connection speed and SpeedUpAdsl-balencing on instan.tms to telkomnet instant connection.
5. Click the Ok button, then restart your windows.
6. Settings can also be done click on wizart stay Wizart Connection Optimization TweakMASTER on the main page.
4. UFaster - Internet Booster
UFaster-Internet Booster is developed by HC Software Development, Inc. and is distributed as an Internet shareware.UFaster all Boster to software on your Internet connection. UFaster will provide speed boosting good performance for all software, such as Dial-up, Broadband, and Wireless, etc..
Will also increase UFaster Performance Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox as well as all Internet activity such as data download, online gaming, video streaming, search webpages, and even performance on your network. UFaster also very visual (GUI) and a numerical speed test that allows users to view Internet connection performance before and after. UFaster is completely automated and only requires one click and you are free to get an increase at a phenomenal rate.
UFaster been tested with Modem, LAN, ISDN, CATV, ADSL, Cable and other types of connections. After the acceleration, speed of download and web loading speeds are increased by 200 percent to 600. UFaster supports Internet Explorer 3.x, 4.x, 5.x, 6.x and 7.x, Mozilla Firefox 1.x, 2.x, and some other Internet Browsers and UFaster work well on Windows 95, Windows 98 , Windows me, Windows NT4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003 and Windows Vista.
Price: $ 29.90
Version: 5.0.0 Released: 7/27/2008
Size: 1.1 MB
Platform: Windows2000, WinXP, Windows2003, Windows Vista
website: http://www.ufaster.com/
DOWNLOAD: UFaster-Internet-Booster.exe (http://www.ziddu.com/download/4746419/UFaster-Internet-Booster.exe.html)
5. Internet Cyclone
Internet Cyclone - is the Internet Optimizer, which is very easy to use, on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and XP designed to automatically optimize your Windows settings which will boost your Internet connection speed up to 200%. Internet Cyclone is compatible with all high-speed modems such as LAN, ISDN, CABLE, DSL, T1 or other connections. This software will still be useful even for you after upgrading your Internet connection. By using this software you will get reported speed Internet faster while you are online. Surfing, downloading files, email, play online games, and anything else you do online will be felt more quickly. This is very good for slow software such as dial-up modem and high speed access connections. He will work with all connections and all browsers so it will remain very useful for you in the future. You should use Internet Cyclone as an alternative to upgrade the connection is quite expensive.
What can the Internet offer Cyclone to you?
* Internet Cyclone optimizes your Windows automatically or you can adjust them manually.
* You can speed internet connection without changing the hardware.
* Works with all Browsers.
*
Internet Cyclone is compatible with all Dial-Up modems and high-speed LAN, CABLE, DSL, DSL (PPPoE), T1 or other connections.
*
Internet Cyclone will speed up Web surfing, online gaming, e-mail, chat, and video conference and it will even speed up downloads.
How does it work?
Although the actual maximum transfer speed of your Internet connection can not be changed except by upgrading your hardware, Internet Cyclone can increase the performance of the existing modem / network hardware by optimizing Windows modem / network settings to maximize the efficiency of your hardware at this time. By default, your Windows PC does not manage Internet connections as optimal as possible.
Internet Cyclone is designed to automatically change many registry settings in Windows such as: Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), Maximum Segment Size (MSS), Time To Live (TTL), TCP Receive Window (rwin), Cache Size (NDI), the door Black Hole Detect, door Auto Discovery (PAD), Session Keep Alive (SKA) and some extra settings in Windows such as: Selective Acknowledge (SACK), Maximum Duplicate Acknowledge (Max DupAcks), Large Window scaling, COM Port, VCache value, value Combuffer , Internet Explorer settings, Maximum connection per server.
If these settings are not correctly optimized then you will not get the best performance from your Internet connection. Internet Cyclone is a proof method to change these settings easily and quickly. If you are an experienced user, then with this Internet optimization you can set these values manually and speed up Internet connection becomes maximum.
System Requirements:
*
486DX2/66 required, Pentium class or higher recommended
*
Microsoft (r) Windows (r) NT, 2000, 2003, XP, Me, 98, 95
*
16MB of Memory or Higher
*
Any connection to the net.
*
2 MB of free disk space
DOWNLOAD: Internet.Cyclone.v1.98.rar (http://www.ziddu.com/download/4569984/Internet.Cyclone.v1.98.rar.html) (927.87 KB)
website: http://www.jordysoft.com/icyclone/internet-cyclone.aspx
6. Internet Tweak 4:45
Internet Tweak 4:45 Maximizing the potential of your Internet connection by default, most modems and network connections in Windows are not configured for maximum data transfer and not on the connection speed settings for the most efficient. While the maximum transfer speed of a modem / network connection can only be changed by the cost of hardware upgrades, this software will optimize your modem, browser and network connection speeds for faster downloads, web sites load faster, and improve overall web surfing session.
Internet Tweak helps you to tune Windows specific settings to get the best performance from your hardware at this time. You will be amazed when you find out what this software can do for you.
Other Advantages:
1. Improve the performance of Internet connections
2.
Optimize your modem settings and increase transfer speed modem
3.
Optimizing MTU settings (Maximum Transmission Unit) and tcp ip settings
4.
Accelerating the Internet and disable browsing local files search
5.
Open Internet Explorer and Netscape Communicator in Kiosk mode
6.
Hiding your e-mail
7.
Securing Personalize settings in Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, Netscape Communicator from people who do not want.
8.
Changing the IE logo, titles and background of the bar with your own logo or our template
9. Adjusting registry settings in Internet Explorer.
Optimization Tips & Tricks:
1. Ways to capture e-mail spammers
2.
How to open Easter Eggs in Internet Explorer, Microsoft Chat, Outlook Express and Netscape Communicator.
3.
Reserve account settings in Outlook Express
4.
Eliminating off annoying warning screen in Internet Explorer
5.
How to protect your active desktop wallpaper
6.
How to convert caches into their original names in Netscape Communicator
7.
How to optimize caches for faster browsing in Netscape Communicator
8.
How to use untracked URL in Netscape Communicator
9.
How to check your ISP performance
10.
How can a faster dial-up networking
11. How to add optimization parameter for your modem
12. The way to test the performance of your modem
13. How to get the actual speed of your modem
14. How to optimize streaming media on slow connections
DOWNLOAD: inttweak.exe (http://www.ziddu.com/download/4306208/inttweak.exe.html) 2.3Mb
website: http://english.p30world.com/archives/001421.php
Mass Media Influence On Affective And Cognitive Behavior In Audience
INTRODUCTION
Technological developments have brought us to the era of mass communication since the invention of the Guttenberg printing allows the production of books in bulk until it reaches its peak after the discovery of the internet. Guttenberg invention encourages the publication of the first newspaper. After the industrial revolution and technology, energy spur electric plant and transport, underlying growth appears and radio, film and television who, further to create a multimedia information technology such as Internet networks.
Since the year 1964 has reached the mass communications world public directly and simultaneously. Through satellite communications today we are enabled to convey information (messages) of data, images, and sounds to millions of people around the world simultaneously. The development of communication technology / information move quickly brings us to the era of information society, where almost all aspects of life is influenced by the media presence farther into the human life.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA PRESENCE
The presence of the mass media also foster a certain sense. We have a positive or negative feelings on certain media. The growing feeling of love or believe in certain media may be closely related to an individual's experience with mass media and mind of the individual; may be factor content of the message at first very influential, but then that's the type of media attention, no matter what broadcasting.
Considered active audience using the media to satisfy their needs (uses and gratification).
Wilbur Schramm stated that the limited area of a person's life space, which was initially determined on the ability to read and write, then determined by how much he was dealing with the media. This means that the media has a significant influence on human life.
The extent to which the impact of media on their audience is still a matter of debate. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann is one of the scholars who embrace the concept of powerful effects of mass media. He mentioned that the mass media is Ubiquity, which means that department. Able to dominate the mass media and information environment is everywhere.
Because of its supermarket, rather difficult to avoid the mass media messages. Meanwhile, Richard T. La Pierre argues that the new mass media would really matter if he had managed to establish intimacy with their audience.
It required a different approach in looking at the effect (impact) mass media. In addition to the messages and related media itself, according to Steven M. Chaffee, the second approach is to see what kind of changes that happened to audiences of mass communication - the reception of information, changes in feelings or attitudes, and behavior change; or with other terms, changes in cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The third approach to reviewing the unit of observation is subject to the effects
COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA
Cognition is the process that occurs in our minds is, look, observe, remember, perceive something, imagine something, think, think, assess, consider and estimate. Media have a powerful influence in shaping one's cognition. Media provide information and knowledge which can eventually form a perception.
The impact of mass media (the ability to cause cognitive change among individuals) has been dubbed the agenda setting function of mass communication. Herein lies the effect of the most important mass communications, the media's ability to structure the world for us (danShaw McCombs, 1974:1). Mass media affect public perceptions about what is considered important. The mass media did not determine "what to think", but it affects the "what to think about". By selecting specific news and ignore the others, by highlighting one problem and ignore the others, the media shape the image or picture of our world as presented in the mass media.
Wilbur Schramm (1997:13) defines information as everything "to reduce uncertainty or to reduce the number of possible alternatives in the situation." Information will organize the structure or the reality, that reality appears to be a picture that has meaning.
Reality that the media is a reality show that is selected or the reality of second-hand (second hand reality). Because the mass media reported the real world to be selective, the effect is to give status and creates stereotypes.
Erie Country Study found that the mass media do not control how thinking voters. The mass media here is more functional to reinforce existing beliefs. Three forms of media influence is the activation, strengthening and conversion.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA affective
Affection is literally a kind of mental status caused by external influences.
Affective effects media have of course, otherwise there is no point in any public relations efforts that many made by politicians or businessmen in the media. Television media have a major impact on his audience affection. Through the television audience to feel emotionally involved with the character shown. The most recent example is the incessant media coverage of Obama, making the most audiences are not interested, too, delighted with his victory. So what happened to some students who meet the author. But someone who has information or knowledge of the wider will not adversely affected by the artificial reality of the media. A student who belonged to this category tend to be skeptical and even cynical with the euphoria of victory for Obama. For him the U.S. policy could not be any different than the winner. On the other hand some respondents also expressed his ignorance because it is less their attention not because of information or knowledge they are better.
As stated Oskamp, the influence of mass communication mediated by factors such as predisposing personal, selective process, membership of the group. Audience is not uniform, they are unique and individual consciousness. Even in a group of students, writers get the facts that much different and opposite.
In a comprehensive study on the impact of mass media, Joseph T. Kappler reported that people often seek comfort because they want to release the pressure from the weight of her emotions of everyday life. They want to appease the feelings of a way to read comics, watch movies, and enjoy entertainment on the radio and television. In addition, entertainment is also serves as an important element of a good life, even to serve as a status symbol. At the very least, entertainment help a person feel happy.
"The crowd that is more comic book readers have a sense of humor is higher due to the comic audience mengkuti flow kamik"
Klapper concluded that mass media does not by itself cause the audience to be more apathetic, passive or aggressive, but (probably) strengthen the tendencies that have existed among the recipients.
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA
Behavior covers a wide area, in relation to the theme of this paper we choose is the effects of mass communication in social behavior of accepted (prososial behavioral effects).
Prososial effects of mass media can be explained by social learning theory of Bandura. According to Bandura, we learn not only from direct experience, but from the imitation or peneladanan (modeling). Behavior is the result of cognitive factors and the environment. That is, we are able to have certain skills, if there is a positive thread between stimuli that we observe ourselves and characteristics.
Bandura describes the process of social learning in the four stages of the process: the process of attention, the process of remembering (retention), motor reproduction processes, and motivational processes. The learning process begins emergence of events that can be observed directly by seseorangtertentu or picture thinking patterns, called Bandura as abstract modeling - such as attitudes, values, or the perception of social reality. Through mass media, one can observe other people who engage in certain behavior on television, for example, and be able to practice that behavior dalm life.
According to Bandura, the events that attract attention is a simple and distinctive, recurring, or create positive feelings in the viewer. Besides the influence of personal factors, other factors as a determinant in choosing what will be respected and exemplary are: demographic characteristics, needs, emotional atmosphere, value, and past experience.
After observation, the next process is the storage of the observations in the mind to be recalled will act accordingly when a given model. Then on one motor reproduction processes reproduce the model behavior or actions observed. Implementation of model behavior can occur when reinforced with a reward or motivation. This is the motivational process.
Social learning is particularly effective with mass media like television, where we have doubled the strength of a single model that sends the ways of thinking and new behavior for many people in different locations.
The mass media can influence audience behavior. According to social learning theory of Bandura, people tend to imitate the observed behavior; stimulus becomes a model for behavior. Almost all the respondents who authors observed a trend-following behavior displayed by the television. How to talk using slang, the way the artist dressed in a soap opera, the use of products displayed by the ad, to the way students express opinions that are identical style with demonstrations and burning tires on the highway.
News, talk shows, political parodies to encourage viewers to be critical and reactive government policies and social conditions. Students learn from the television show-how to deal with the social or political issues. The issue is not all student television viewers as news or political talk show that will behave like a critical or radical demonstrations or join the movement for example left. Audience must be able to save his observations in his mind and called back when they will act in accordance with the example given. Implementing the model behavior depends on the motivation. Motivation depends on the affirmation. There are three kinds of reinforcement that encourages a person to act: external validation, affirmation turns (vicarious reinforcement), and enhancing self (self-reinforcement). So, for example for a demonstration on a new television or newspaper work when there is a climate that allows, for example, when others do not scorn or want to appreciate our actions.
Someone also be encouraged to model behavior when he sees other people who do the same rewarded for his actions. We need reassurance turns. Although we do not get a reward (praise, recognition, status and so on). But seeing other people see other people get gamjaran because we want to act Model will help the motor reproduction process.
Finally, exemplary action will we do to ourselves when pushing the action. Encouragement of self that may arise from feeling satisfied, happy, or fulfillment of the ideal self-image. We will do a demonstration if we believe that the way we contribute to society.
CONCLUSION
Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the impact of media on audiences were there but not as a determinant in decision-making but as an affirmation of the decision of the d NFORMATION provided by the mass media.
Frame or field of reference and experience of each individual that makes the individual or audience able to analyze the information conveyed by the mass media, print or electronic.
In relation to the formation and change of attitude, the influence of mass media can be summed up in five general principles:
1. The influence of mass communication mediated by factors such as predisposing personal, selective process, membership of the group (or other matters related to personal factors).
2. Because of these factors, mass communication usually works to strengthen the attitudes and opinions exist, although sometimes serves as a media converter (agent of change).
3. If the cause of mass communication attitude changes, small changes in the intensity of the attitude is more common than "conversion" (change the whole attitude) from one side of the issue to the other side.
4. Mass communication is effective in changing attitudes in the areas where people's opinion is weak, for example in commercial advertising.
5. Mass communication is effective in creating opinions about new issues when there is no predisposition to diperteguh (Oskamp, 1977:149).
Technological developments have brought us to the era of mass communication since the invention of the Guttenberg printing allows the production of books in bulk until it reaches its peak after the discovery of the internet. Guttenberg invention encourages the publication of the first newspaper. After the industrial revolution and technology, energy spur electric plant and transport, underlying growth appears and radio, film and television who, further to create a multimedia information technology such as Internet networks.
Since the year 1964 has reached the mass communications world public directly and simultaneously. Through satellite communications today we are enabled to convey information (messages) of data, images, and sounds to millions of people around the world simultaneously. The development of communication technology / information move quickly brings us to the era of information society, where almost all aspects of life is influenced by the media presence farther into the human life.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA PRESENCE
The presence of the mass media also foster a certain sense. We have a positive or negative feelings on certain media. The growing feeling of love or believe in certain media may be closely related to an individual's experience with mass media and mind of the individual; may be factor content of the message at first very influential, but then that's the type of media attention, no matter what broadcasting.
Considered active audience using the media to satisfy their needs (uses and gratification).
Wilbur Schramm stated that the limited area of a person's life space, which was initially determined on the ability to read and write, then determined by how much he was dealing with the media. This means that the media has a significant influence on human life.
The extent to which the impact of media on their audience is still a matter of debate. Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann is one of the scholars who embrace the concept of powerful effects of mass media. He mentioned that the mass media is Ubiquity, which means that department. Able to dominate the mass media and information environment is everywhere.
Because of its supermarket, rather difficult to avoid the mass media messages. Meanwhile, Richard T. La Pierre argues that the new mass media would really matter if he had managed to establish intimacy with their audience.
It required a different approach in looking at the effect (impact) mass media. In addition to the messages and related media itself, according to Steven M. Chaffee, the second approach is to see what kind of changes that happened to audiences of mass communication - the reception of information, changes in feelings or attitudes, and behavior change; or with other terms, changes in cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The third approach to reviewing the unit of observation is subject to the effects
COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA
Cognition is the process that occurs in our minds is, look, observe, remember, perceive something, imagine something, think, think, assess, consider and estimate. Media have a powerful influence in shaping one's cognition. Media provide information and knowledge which can eventually form a perception.
The impact of mass media (the ability to cause cognitive change among individuals) has been dubbed the agenda setting function of mass communication. Herein lies the effect of the most important mass communications, the media's ability to structure the world for us (danShaw McCombs, 1974:1). Mass media affect public perceptions about what is considered important. The mass media did not determine "what to think", but it affects the "what to think about". By selecting specific news and ignore the others, by highlighting one problem and ignore the others, the media shape the image or picture of our world as presented in the mass media.
Wilbur Schramm (1997:13) defines information as everything "to reduce uncertainty or to reduce the number of possible alternatives in the situation." Information will organize the structure or the reality, that reality appears to be a picture that has meaning.
Reality that the media is a reality show that is selected or the reality of second-hand (second hand reality). Because the mass media reported the real world to be selective, the effect is to give status and creates stereotypes.
Erie Country Study found that the mass media do not control how thinking voters. The mass media here is more functional to reinforce existing beliefs. Three forms of media influence is the activation, strengthening and conversion.
EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA affective
Affection is literally a kind of mental status caused by external influences.
Affective effects media have of course, otherwise there is no point in any public relations efforts that many made by politicians or businessmen in the media. Television media have a major impact on his audience affection. Through the television audience to feel emotionally involved with the character shown. The most recent example is the incessant media coverage of Obama, making the most audiences are not interested, too, delighted with his victory. So what happened to some students who meet the author. But someone who has information or knowledge of the wider will not adversely affected by the artificial reality of the media. A student who belonged to this category tend to be skeptical and even cynical with the euphoria of victory for Obama. For him the U.S. policy could not be any different than the winner. On the other hand some respondents also expressed his ignorance because it is less their attention not because of information or knowledge they are better.
As stated Oskamp, the influence of mass communication mediated by factors such as predisposing personal, selective process, membership of the group. Audience is not uniform, they are unique and individual consciousness. Even in a group of students, writers get the facts that much different and opposite.
In a comprehensive study on the impact of mass media, Joseph T. Kappler reported that people often seek comfort because they want to release the pressure from the weight of her emotions of everyday life. They want to appease the feelings of a way to read comics, watch movies, and enjoy entertainment on the radio and television. In addition, entertainment is also serves as an important element of a good life, even to serve as a status symbol. At the very least, entertainment help a person feel happy.
"The crowd that is more comic book readers have a sense of humor is higher due to the comic audience mengkuti flow kamik"
Klapper concluded that mass media does not by itself cause the audience to be more apathetic, passive or aggressive, but (probably) strengthen the tendencies that have existed among the recipients.
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA
Behavior covers a wide area, in relation to the theme of this paper we choose is the effects of mass communication in social behavior of accepted (prososial behavioral effects).
Prososial effects of mass media can be explained by social learning theory of Bandura. According to Bandura, we learn not only from direct experience, but from the imitation or peneladanan (modeling). Behavior is the result of cognitive factors and the environment. That is, we are able to have certain skills, if there is a positive thread between stimuli that we observe ourselves and characteristics.
Bandura describes the process of social learning in the four stages of the process: the process of attention, the process of remembering (retention), motor reproduction processes, and motivational processes. The learning process begins emergence of events that can be observed directly by seseorangtertentu or picture thinking patterns, called Bandura as abstract modeling - such as attitudes, values, or the perception of social reality. Through mass media, one can observe other people who engage in certain behavior on television, for example, and be able to practice that behavior dalm life.
According to Bandura, the events that attract attention is a simple and distinctive, recurring, or create positive feelings in the viewer. Besides the influence of personal factors, other factors as a determinant in choosing what will be respected and exemplary are: demographic characteristics, needs, emotional atmosphere, value, and past experience.
After observation, the next process is the storage of the observations in the mind to be recalled will act accordingly when a given model. Then on one motor reproduction processes reproduce the model behavior or actions observed. Implementation of model behavior can occur when reinforced with a reward or motivation. This is the motivational process.
Social learning is particularly effective with mass media like television, where we have doubled the strength of a single model that sends the ways of thinking and new behavior for many people in different locations.
The mass media can influence audience behavior. According to social learning theory of Bandura, people tend to imitate the observed behavior; stimulus becomes a model for behavior. Almost all the respondents who authors observed a trend-following behavior displayed by the television. How to talk using slang, the way the artist dressed in a soap opera, the use of products displayed by the ad, to the way students express opinions that are identical style with demonstrations and burning tires on the highway.
News, talk shows, political parodies to encourage viewers to be critical and reactive government policies and social conditions. Students learn from the television show-how to deal with the social or political issues. The issue is not all student television viewers as news or political talk show that will behave like a critical or radical demonstrations or join the movement for example left. Audience must be able to save his observations in his mind and called back when they will act in accordance with the example given. Implementing the model behavior depends on the motivation. Motivation depends on the affirmation. There are three kinds of reinforcement that encourages a person to act: external validation, affirmation turns (vicarious reinforcement), and enhancing self (self-reinforcement). So, for example for a demonstration on a new television or newspaper work when there is a climate that allows, for example, when others do not scorn or want to appreciate our actions.
Someone also be encouraged to model behavior when he sees other people who do the same rewarded for his actions. We need reassurance turns. Although we do not get a reward (praise, recognition, status and so on). But seeing other people see other people get gamjaran because we want to act Model will help the motor reproduction process.
Finally, exemplary action will we do to ourselves when pushing the action. Encouragement of self that may arise from feeling satisfied, happy, or fulfillment of the ideal self-image. We will do a demonstration if we believe that the way we contribute to society.
CONCLUSION
Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the impact of media on audiences were there but not as a determinant in decision-making but as an affirmation of the decision of the d NFORMATION provided by the mass media.
Frame or field of reference and experience of each individual that makes the individual or audience able to analyze the information conveyed by the mass media, print or electronic.
In relation to the formation and change of attitude, the influence of mass media can be summed up in five general principles:
1. The influence of mass communication mediated by factors such as predisposing personal, selective process, membership of the group (or other matters related to personal factors).
2. Because of these factors, mass communication usually works to strengthen the attitudes and opinions exist, although sometimes serves as a media converter (agent of change).
3. If the cause of mass communication attitude changes, small changes in the intensity of the attitude is more common than "conversion" (change the whole attitude) from one side of the issue to the other side.
4. Mass communication is effective in changing attitudes in the areas where people's opinion is weak, for example in commercial advertising.
5. Mass communication is effective in creating opinions about new issues when there is no predisposition to diperteguh (Oskamp, 1977:149).
Monday, November 9, 2009
Easy Ways To Speed Up Windows 7
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Windows 7 is the latest operating system (OS) and is a member of the family of Microsoft Windows. It is approaching quite fast. Though Microsoft claims to launch Windows 7 next year you can get the taste of it right now if you wish. Microsoft allows you to download Windows7 Release Candidate (RC) from the internet for completely free. Microsoft is doing this only to Beta test the product. Many computer users are now running this OS on their PC. You can also try it out once. If you want to try something new then (http://www.supportonclick.com/windows7.php?price=19&plan=Windows%207%20Upgrade&cur=USD&time=0&cs=23f2daf7d26b8c8c288a81930ac5aaef)Windows 7 is definitely your cup of tea. It has many things to offer you. The taskbar of Windows 7 is different from others. You can see icons of the applications hat are open on the taskbar. You may get more visual pleasure if you flip the open windows. Apart from that Windows 7 is much more faster than Windows Vista. If you want to install Windows 7 you have to check for certain requirements that your computer must have. The requirements are: · 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor · 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit) · 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit) · DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver If your computer meets the above-mentioned requirements then you can easily install Windows 7. But many computer users are there who are having slow Windows 7 trouble. If you are also among them then you must try to find out the solution. You can follow few steps to (http://www.supportonclick.com/PCSpeedUp.php?price=35&plan=PC%20Speedup&cur=USD&time=0&cs=89c3b1a860070a835e2aadf1ac37eafb)speed up computer that runs Windows 7. You can find a lot of programs that start automatically while Windows 7 starts up. Removing these programs can speed up computer effectively. To do this you have to click ‘Start’, then ‘Run’ and type ‘misconfig’ and press ‘Enter’. Now you can find the list of start up applications. Then you have to select the programs you want to delete. You can also try to speed up Windows 7 by cleaning the registry of the windows. One of the best way through which you can speed up Windows 7 is by downloading and installing the Processor Explorer. This tool is a part of SysInternals package of Microsoft. It will help you to look through the programs running on your computer along with brief description. You can delete the programs by right clicking on them and selecting ‘Kill’. Though the program is quite similar to Task Manager the design is much better and it provides more information. If you can execute these steps successfully it can be said that your computer will become much more faster than earlier. |
windows vs linux
One of the biggest misconceptions is that you have to select the same operating system for your hosting account that you use on your own computer. That is simply not true.
The operating system that you use on your computer does not need to govern your choice of hosting platform. All Jaguarpc.com PHP hosting packages come with FTP access and a wide range of web page publishing options. If, for example, your computer runs on Microsoft Windows, you are not obligated to choose Windows web hosting.
Both technologies are suitable for beginners, professional web developers, and everyone in between, but it is essential to choose the technology that is more suited to your style of web building. Each technology has its own distinct advantages for users.
Windows Hosting Microsoft should be your choice of platform if you plan on utilizing Active Server Pages or other Microsoft applications to design your web pages. This platform delivers reduced development time and better functionality for databases.
One of the main advantages for choosing the Microsoft platform is the ability to use ASP, ASP .NET, and Access databases to use in building your web site. ASP and ASP .NET provide a rapid, scalable, and efficient development environment to build your web site. These tools, along with MS Access will allow you to make your web site dynamic and interactive.
This platform is also a suitable alternative if you are developing static HTML based web sites, or sites that incorporate Macromedia Flash or other client-side scripting technologies.
We recommend you choose Windows 2003 as your hosting platform if you are using specific applications that require Microsoft Windows to run such as Access, ASP, ASP .NET, or Microsoft SQL Server.
Note: Microsoft FrontPage can be used on both the Linux and Windows platforms.
Linux Hosting Linux is widely considered to be the best operating system for web hosting servers. Characteristically reliable, stable and efficient, Linux has been proven in the most demanding web and mail server environments.
If you plan to incorporate work that uses PHP, Perl or MySQL, Linux is the solution you should choose. Linux is also ideal for the kind of websites that display information as a brochure, in newsletter format or as data sheets. Linux works well for 'brochure-ware' sites that offer interaction via inquiry forms, online purchasing and other e-commerce functions.
Essential programs such as Microsoft FrontPage can also be successfully used with Linux technology. In fact, FrontPage Extensions are offered with Jaguarpc.com Linux hosting packages. Linux is an excellent operating system that is well suited to meet your web hosting needs. Additionally, there are a huge amount of free applications available on the Internet for Linux and it uses less hardware resources than Windows 2003.
The operating system that you use on your computer does not need to govern your choice of hosting platform. All Jaguarpc.com PHP hosting packages come with FTP access and a wide range of web page publishing options. If, for example, your computer runs on Microsoft Windows, you are not obligated to choose Windows web hosting.
Both technologies are suitable for beginners, professional web developers, and everyone in between, but it is essential to choose the technology that is more suited to your style of web building. Each technology has its own distinct advantages for users.
Windows Hosting Microsoft should be your choice of platform if you plan on utilizing Active Server Pages or other Microsoft applications to design your web pages. This platform delivers reduced development time and better functionality for databases.
One of the main advantages for choosing the Microsoft platform is the ability to use ASP, ASP .NET, and Access databases to use in building your web site. ASP and ASP .NET provide a rapid, scalable, and efficient development environment to build your web site. These tools, along with MS Access will allow you to make your web site dynamic and interactive.
This platform is also a suitable alternative if you are developing static HTML based web sites, or sites that incorporate Macromedia Flash or other client-side scripting technologies.
We recommend you choose Windows 2003 as your hosting platform if you are using specific applications that require Microsoft Windows to run such as Access, ASP, ASP .NET, or Microsoft SQL Server.
Note: Microsoft FrontPage can be used on both the Linux and Windows platforms.
Linux Hosting Linux is widely considered to be the best operating system for web hosting servers. Characteristically reliable, stable and efficient, Linux has been proven in the most demanding web and mail server environments.
If you plan to incorporate work that uses PHP, Perl or MySQL, Linux is the solution you should choose. Linux is also ideal for the kind of websites that display information as a brochure, in newsletter format or as data sheets. Linux works well for 'brochure-ware' sites that offer interaction via inquiry forms, online purchasing and other e-commerce functions.
Essential programs such as Microsoft FrontPage can also be successfully used with Linux technology. In fact, FrontPage Extensions are offered with Jaguarpc.com Linux hosting packages. Linux is an excellent operating system that is well suited to meet your web hosting needs. Additionally, there are a huge amount of free applications available on the Internet for Linux and it uses less hardware resources than Windows 2003.
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